It’s a simple thought: build a software RAID 1 disk array with an empty hard disk, and copy data on / to it. After data copied, add the old disk to the array.
For example,
(sda is the old /, and sdb is the new disk)
# sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sfdisk /dev/sdb
# mdadm -C /dev/md0 –level=raid1 –raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 missing
# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/md0
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt
# rsync -ax / /mnt/
# vim /etc/fstab
# vim /boot/grub/menu.lstModify fstab and menu.lst, and make sure all /dev/sda is changed to /dev/md0.
# reboot
Make sure that md0 is mounted successfully.
# mdadm –manage /dev/md0 –add /dev/sda1
Now, we successfully moved / to software RAID 1 
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